[{"Id":343094,"Creation Time":1609851247,"Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/knowledge/view/343094/catalytic-upgrading-of-hydrothermal-liquefaction-biocrudes-different-challenges-for-different-feedstocks","Author Id":228195,"Author Name":"Dominika Mohyla","Author Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/profile/mohyla","Rating":null,"Votes":0,"Field Title":"Catalytic upgrading of hydrothermal liquefaction biocrudes: Different challenges for different feedstocks","Field Author(s)":"Daniele Castello, Muhammad Salman Haider, Lasse Aistrup Rosendah","Field Journal or conference":"","Field Publication date":"2019-04-04","Field Summary":"
Abstract:
\r\nHydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) followed by catalytic hydrotreating of the produced biocrude is increasingly gaining ground as an effective technology for the conversion of biomass into liquid biofuels. A strong advantage of HTL resides in its great flexibility towards the feedstock, since it is able to treat a large number of different organic substrates, ranging from dry to wet residual biomass. Nevertheless, the characteristics of biocrudes from different typologies of organic materials result in different challenges to be met during the hydrotreating step, leading to differences in heteroatoms removal and in the typology and composition of the targeted products. In this work, biocrudes were catalytically hydrotreated with a commercial NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst at different temperatures and pressures. Sewage sludge biocrude was found to be very promising for the production of straight-chain hydrocarbons in the diesel range, with considerable heteroatoms removal even at mild hydrotreating conditions. Similar results were shown by algal biocrude, although complete denitrogenation is challenging. Upgraded biocrudes from lignocellulosic feedstock (miscanthus) showed high yields in the gasoline range, with a remarkable content of aromatics. Operating at a higher H2 pressure was found to be crucial to prevent coking and decarboxylation reactions.
","Text Summary":"Abstract: Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) followed by catalytic hydrotreating of the produced biocrude is increasingly gaining ground as an effective technology for the conversion of biomass into liquid biofuels. A strong advantage of HTL resides in its great flexibility towards the feedstock, since it is able to treat a large number of different organic substrates, ranging from dry to wet residual biomass. Nevertheless, the characteristics of biocrudes from different typologies of organic materials result in different challenges to be met during the hydrotreating step, leading to differences in heteroatoms removal and in the typology and composition of the targeted products. In this work, biocrudes were catalytically hydrotreated with a commercial NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst at different temperatures and pressures. Sewage sludge biocrude was found to be very promising for the production of straight-chain hydrocarbons in the diesel range, with considerable heteroatoms removal even at mild hydrotreating conditions. Similar results were shown by algal biocrude, although complete denitrogenation is challenging. Upgraded biocrudes from lignocellulosic feedstock (miscanthus) showed high yields in the gasoline range, with a remarkable content of aromatics. Operating at a higher H2 pressure was found to be crucial to prevent coking and decarboxylation reactions.","Field Type of publication":"","Field Other Type - precise":null,"Field File":"https://cmt.sym.place/serve-file/e0/l1609851247/di/c1/sO3s8Uf5P3OeNDqatjUef0iXjnDfOfclEhQBkbwCxQI/340000/343094/__cmtfield_15290741422902/Catalytic%20upgrading%20of%20hydrothermal%20liquefaction.pdf","Field keywords":null,"Field DOI:":"10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.003"},{"Id":343080,"Creation Time":1609850851,"Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/knowledge/view/343080/two-stage-catalytic-hydrotreatment-of-highly-nitrogenous-biocrude-from-continuous-hydrothermal-liquefaction-a-rational-design-of-the-stabilization-stage","Author Id":228195,"Author Name":"Dominika Mohyla","Author Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/profile/mohyla","Rating":null,"Votes":0,"Field Title":"Two-stage catalytic hydrotreatment of highly nitrogenous biocrude from continuous hydrothermal liquefaction: A rational design of the stabilization stage","Field Author(s)":"Muhammad Salman Haider, Daniele Castello, Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl","Field Journal or conference":"","Field Publication date":"2020-06-26","Field Summary":"Abstract:
\r\nEffective catalytic hydrotreatment of highly nitrogenous biocrudes derived from the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of primary sewage sludge and microalga Spirulina biomass was explored. A critical issue
is the lack of thermal stability of raw HTL biocrudes at the severe conditions (~400 °C) required for hydrodenitrogenation. This fact suggests the need for a two-stage approach, involving a first low-temperature stabilization stage followed by another one operated at higher temperature. In this study, DSC was successfully used to indicate the thermal stability of both biocrudes. During hydrotreating, it was observed that complete deoxygenation was already achieved in the first stage at 350 °C, with limited coke formation. Moreover, after second stage up to 92% denitrogenation associated with the higher hydrogen consumption (39.9 g kg -1 for Spirulina and 36.9 g kg -1 for sewage sludge) was obtained for both biocrudes. Consequently, comparable oil yields but significantly less coke yields were recorded during two-stage upgrading (1.0% for Spirulina and 0.7% for sewage sludge), compared to direct processing at 400 °C (9.1% for Spirulina and 3.4% for sewage sludge). In addition, the properties of the upgraded oils were enhanced by increasing the temperature in the first stage (310 °C, 330 °C and 350 °C respectively). Finally, the results indicated that remarkable drop-in fuel properties were obtained, with respect to heteroatom (O and N) removal, HHV, and H/C ratio during the two-stage hydrotreatment. Two-stage hydrotreating is therefore proposed as a successful approach for the upgrading of HTL biocrudes with high nitrogen content.
Abstract:
\r\nMicroalgae (Spirulina) and primary sewage sludge are considerable feedstocks for future fuel-producing biorefinery. These feedstocks have either a high fuel production potential (algae) or a particularly high appearance as waste (sludge). Both feedstocks bring high loads of nutrients (P, N) that must be addressed in sound biorefinery concepts that primarily target specific hydrocarbons, such as liquid fuels. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), which produces bio-crude oil that is ready for catalytic upgrading (e.g., for jet fuel), is a useful starting point for such an approach. As technology advances from small-scale batches to pilot-scale continuous operations, the aspect of nutrient recovery must be reconsidered. This research presents a full analysis of relevant nutrient flows between the product phases of HTL for the two aforementioned feedstocks on the basis of pilot-scale data. From a partial experimentally derived mass balance, initial strategies for recovering the most relevant nutrients (P, N) were developed and proofed in laboratory-scale. The experimental and theoretical data from the pilot and laboratory scales are combined to present the proof of concept and provide the first mass balances of an HTL-based biorefinery modular operation for producing fertilizer (struvite) as a value-added product.
","Text Summary":"Abstract: Microalgae (Spirulina) and primary sewage sludge are considerable feedstocks for future fuel-producing biorefinery. These feedstocks have either a high fuel production potential (algae) or a particularly high appearance as waste (sludge). Both feedstocks bring high loads of nutrients (P, N) that must be addressed in sound biorefinery concepts that primarily target specific hydrocarbons, such as liquid fuels. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), which produces bio-crude oil that is ready for catalytic upgrading (e.g., for jet fuel), is a useful starting point for such an approach. As technology advances from small-scale batches to pilot-scale continuous operations, the aspect of nutrient recovery must be reconsidered. This research presents a full analysis of relevant nutrient flows between the product phases of HTL for the two aforementioned feedstocks on the basis of pilot-scale data. From a partial experimentally derived mass balance, initial strategies for recovering the most relevant nutrients (P, N) were developed and proofed in laboratory-scale. The experimental and theoretical data from the pilot and laboratory scales are combined to present the proof of concept and provide the first mass balances of an HTL-based biorefinery modular operation for producing fertilizer (struvite) as a value-added product.","Field Type of publication":"Article","Field Other Type - precise":null,"Field File":"https://cmt.sym.place/serve-file/e0/l1609850555/di/c1/JNsD5Nzuoeu76otrj8noS2nah9K6V0q5lAWqzb4SgEY/:MzQwMDAwLzM0MzA2Ni9fX2NtdGZpZWxkXzE1MjkwNzQxNDIyOTAyL0ZlZWRzdG9jay1EZXBlbmRlbnQgUGhvc3BoYXRlIFJlY292ZXJ5IGluIGEgUGlsb3QtU2NhbGUgSHlkcm90aGVybWFsIExpcXVlZmFjdGlvbiBCaW8tQ3J1ZGUgUHJvZHVjdGlvbi5wZGY","Field keywords":null,"Field DOI:":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/2/379"},{"Id":343052,"Creation Time":1609850193,"Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/knowledge/view/343052/how-do-hydrothermal-liquefaction-conditions-and-feedstock-type-influence-product-distribution-and-elemental-composition","Author Id":228195,"Author Name":"Dominika Mohyla","Author Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/profile/mohyla","Rating":null,"Votes":0,"Field Title":"How Do Hydrothermal Liquefaction Conditions and Feedstock Type Influence Product Distribution and Elemental Composition?","Field Author(s)":"Rene\u0301 B. Madsen and Marianne Glasius","Field Journal or conference":"","Field Publication date":"2019-08-20","Field Summary":"ABSTRACT:
\r\nWe investigated the effects of temperature (250−350 °C), reaction time (5−31 min), and solid loading (5−25 wt %) on hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina, Miscanthus, and primary sewage sludge using a central composite study design. Response surface methodology was used to identify maxima/minima for yields of gas, bio-crude, aqueous phase (AqP), and solid residue (SR), while the coefficients were used to identify the flux of the four product fractions. Effects on carbon recovery and contents of nitrogen and oxygen of the bio-crude were also assessed. The high bio-crude yields of Miscanthus and sewage sludge mainly resulted from low yields of SR. Higher solid loading of Spirulina and Miscanthus increased bio-crude yields, while carbon recovery often improved with higher temperature and longer reaction time. Common to all feedstocks, the amount of degraded biomass displaced to the AqP decreased with increasing solid loading but simultaneously resulted in more nitrogen in the bio-crude.
","Text Summary":"ABSTRACT: We investigated the effects of temperature (250\u2212350 \u00b0C), reaction time (5\u221231 min), and solid loading (5\u221225 wt %) on hydrothermal liquefaction of Spirulina, Miscanthus, and primary sewage sludge using a central composite study design. Response surface methodology was used to identify maxima/minima for yields of gas, bio-crude, aqueous phase (AqP), and solid residue (SR), while the coefficients were used to identify the flux of the four product fractions. Effects on carbon recovery and contents of nitrogen and oxygen of the bio-crude were also assessed. The high bio-crude yields of Miscanthus and sewage sludge mainly resulted from low yields of SR. Higher solid loading of Spirulina and Miscanthus increased bio-crude yields, while carbon recovery often improved with higher temperature and longer reaction time. Common to all feedstocks, the amount of degraded biomass displaced to the AqP decreased with increasing solid loading but simultaneously resulted in more nitrogen in the bio-crude.","Field Type of publication":"Article","Field Other Type - precise":null,"Field File":"https://cmt.sym.place/serve-file/e0/l1609850193/di/c1/GiOK_He2NcWnMO0A9rhPb5q9o0L8y3blBW1KlG6836Q/340000/343052/__cmtfield_15290741422902/How%20Do%20Hydrothermal%20Liquefaction%20Conditions%20and%20Feedstock%20Type.pdf","Field keywords":null,"Field DOI:":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02337"},{"Id":242905,"Creation Time":1570615284,"Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/knowledge/view/242905/spatially-explicit-assessment-of-local-htl-potential-from-urban-waste-streams-in-europe","Author Id":228195,"Author Name":"Dominika Mohyla","Author Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/profile/mohyla","Rating":null,"Votes":0,"Field Title":"Spatially explicit assessment of local HTL potential from urban waste streams in Europe","Field Author(s)":"Thomas Horschig","Field Journal or conference":"","Field Publication date":"2019-10-07","Field Summary":"Presented at the 14th SDEWES Conference, Dubrovnik, October 2019.
","Text Summary":"Presented at the 14th SDEWES Conference, Dubrovnik, October 2019.","Field Type of publication":"Presentation","Field Other Type - precise":null,"Field File":"https://cmt.sym.place/serve-file/e0/l1570615284/di/c1/oYOGHb0TnpgM0XVAnnM-j-YdUi3PFbV-qXTPn30dqmE/240000/242905/__cmtfield_15290741422902/HyFlexFuel_SDEWES_TH_2019.pptx","Field keywords":"hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL)","Field DOI:":""},{"Id":180844,"Creation Time":1551361182,"Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/knowledge/view/180844/rapid-determination-of-water-total-acid-number-and-phenolic-content-in-bio-crude-from-hydrothermal-liquefaction-of-biomass-using-ft-ir","Author Id":46760,"Author Name":"Elsa Calmette Cirasuolo","Author Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/profile/ElsaCalmetteCirasuolo","Rating":null,"Votes":0,"Field Title":"Rapid Determination of Water, Total Acid Number, and Phenolic Content in Bio-Crude from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass using FT-IR","Field Author(s)":"Rene B. Madsen; Konstantinos Anastasakis; Patrick Biller; Marianne Glasius","Field Journal or conference":"energy&fuels","Field Publication date":"2018-06-05","Field Summary":"Abstract:
\r\nThis paper investigates the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) for quantitative analysis of bio-crudes from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass. HTL is a versatile process rendering virtually all biomasses suitable for conversion into bio-crude and side-streams. However, continuous processes require rapid analytical methods applicable to highly diverse bio-crudes. Bio-crudes were obtained from two different continuous HTL reactors (lab scale and pilot scale) and in some cases with recirculation of water. The bio-crudes originated from a diverse range of feedstocks including lignocellulosics (pine, Miscanthus), microalgae (Spirulina, Chlorella vulgaris), and residues (sludge, dried distiller grains with solubles). Quantitative analysis of water content, total acid number, and total content of phenolics was performed using FT-IR. Principal component analysis indicated a potential correlation between quantitative measurements and FT-IR. Partial least-squares regression was used to develop predictive models that performed well considering the high diversity of the bio-crudes. The content of phenolics was in the range of 83.1–254.6 mg g–1 (gallic acid equivalent), and the model calibration was good (Root Mean Square Error, RMSE = 19.7, slope = 0.81, y-exp = 81.2%). A diverse set of test samples were subjected to the models. The relative difference for measured and predicted phenolic content was generally <15%. Total acid numbers (TAN) were 7–98 mgKOH g–1, and the model calibration was found to be satisfactory considering the titration method used (RMSE = 18.5, slope = 0.53, y-exp = 52.6%). The relative difference for measured and predicted TAN was generally <20%. The water content (Karl Fischer titration) was 1–24%, and the model calibration was very good (RMSE = 2.0, slope = 0.93, y-exp = 92.6%). The water content was generally predicted within 1.5%, and the relative difference for measured and predicted water content was large (2.7–16.6%) due to the small values. All models included samples that deviated and could be considered outliers; however, their deviations were explained from their composition and were retained in the models. Overall, the results show the potential of FT-IR as a universal technique to obtain rapid quantitative results from a variety of bio-crudes processed using different reactors.
","Text Summary":"Abstract: This paper investigates the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) for quantitative analysis of bio-crudes from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of biomass. HTL is a versatile process rendering virtually all biomasses suitable for conversion into bio-crude and side-streams. However, continuous processes require rapid analytical methods applicable to highly diverse bio-crudes. Bio-crudes were obtained from two different continuous HTL reactors (lab scale and pilot scale) and in some cases with recirculation of water. The bio-crudes originated from a diverse range of feedstocks including lignocellulosics (pine, Miscanthus), microalgae (Spirulina, Chlorella vulgaris), and residues (sludge, dried distiller grains with solubles). Quantitative analysis of water content, total acid number, and total content of phenolics was performed using FT-IR. Principal component analysis indicated a potential correlation between quantitative measurements and FT-IR. Partial least-squares regression was used to develop predictive models that performed well considering the high diversity of the bio-crudes. The content of phenolics was in the range of 83.1\u2013254.6 mg g\u20131 (gallic acid equivalent), and the model calibration was good (Root Mean Square Error, RMSE = 19.7, slope = 0.81, y-exp = 81.2%). A diverse set of test samples were subjected to the models. The relative difference for measured and predicted phenolic content was generally <15%. Total acid numbers (TAN) were 7\u201398 mgKOH g\u20131, and the model calibration was found to be satisfactory considering the titration method used (RMSE = 18.5, slope = 0.53, y-exp = 52.6%). The relative difference for measured and predicted TAN was generally <20%. The water content (Karl Fischer titration) was 1\u201324%, and the model calibration was very good (RMSE = 2.0, slope = 0.93, y-exp = 92.6%). The water content was generally predicted within 1.5%, and the relative difference for measured and predicted water content was large (2.7\u201316.6%) due to the small values. All models included samples that deviated and could be considered outliers; however, their deviations were explained from their composition and were retained in the models. Overall, the results show the potential of FT-IR as a universal technique to obtain rapid quantitative results from a variety of bio-crudes processed using different reactors.","Field Type of publication":"","Field Other Type - precise":null,"Field File":"https://cmt.sym.place/serve-file/e0/l1551361182/di/c1/DimaAr1u7aNIlqzLQd0AG4f4tB3LgOD_ulUppdHP5f0/180000/180844/__cmtfield_15290741422902/rapid_determination_of_water_content_total_acid_number_and_total_content.._revised.pdf","Field keywords":["Hydrothermal liquefaction","PLS regression","Quantitative analysis","Predictive modelling","FT-IR"],"Field DOI:":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b01208"},{"Id":169755,"Creation Time":1546947576,"Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/knowledge/view/169755/4th-forum-on-hydrothermal-processes-technologies-generating-material-and-energetic-added-value-september-19th20th-2018-in-leipzig-germany","Author Id":46760,"Author Name":"Elsa Calmette Cirasuolo","Author Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/profile/ElsaCalmetteCirasuolo","Rating":null,"Votes":0,"Field Title":"4th Forum on Hydrothermal Processes "Technologies generating material and energetic added value" | September 19th/20th, 2018 in Leipzig (Germany)","Field Author(s)":"Arne Roth","Field Journal or conference":"N/A","Field Publication date":"2018-09-19","Field Summary":"","Text Summary":"","Field Type of publication":"Presentation","Field Other Type - precise":null,"Field File":"https://cmt.sym.place/serve-file/e0/l1546947576/di/c1/NlpCnXENEtHaAK6oJ44OI8CYpWmz6emWSLZ0ipQuGhQ/:MTY1MDAwLzE2OTc1NS9fX2NtdGZpZWxkXzE1MjkwNzQxNDIyOTAyL0h5RmxleEZ1ZWxfMjAxOF9IVFAtRm9ydW1fUm90aF9WMS0wX1BSSU5ULnBkZg","Field keywords":"hydrothermal liquefaction","Field DOI:":""},{"Id":167034,"Creation Time":1545234315,"Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/knowledge/view/167034/catalytic-hydrotreatment-of-microalgae-biocrude-from-continuous-hydrothermal-liquefaction-heteroatom-removal-and-their-distribution-in-distillation-cuts","Author Id":46760,"Author Name":"Elsa Calmette Cirasuolo","Author Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/profile/ElsaCalmetteCirasuolo","Rating":null,"Votes":0,"Field Title":"Catalytic Hydrotreatment of Microalgae Biocrude from Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Heteroatom Removal and Their Distribution in Distillation Cuts","Field Author(s)":"Muhammad Salman Haider, Daniele Castello, Karol Michal Michalski, Thomas Helmer Pedersen and Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl","Field Journal or conference":"Energies","Field Publication date":"2018-12-01","Field Summary":"To obtain drop-in fuel properties from 3rd generation biomass, we herein report the catalytic
\r\nhydrotreatment of microalgae biocrude, produced from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Spirulina.
\r\nOur contribution focuses on the effect of temperature, initial H2 pressure, and residence time on the
\r\nremoval of heteroatoms (O and N) in a batch hydrotreating setup. In contrast to common experimental
\r\nprotocols for hydrotreating at batch scale, we devised a set of two-level factorial experiments and
\r\nstudied the most influential parameters affecting the removal of heteroatoms. It was found that up to
\r\n350 C, the degree of deoxygenation (de-O) is mainly driven by temperature, whereas the degree
\r\nof denitrogenation (de-N) also relies on initial H2 pressure and temperature-pressure interaction.
\r\nBased on this, complete deoxygenation was obtained at mild operating conditions (350 C), reaching
\r\na concurrent 47% denitrogenation. Moreover, three optimized experiments are reported with 100%
\r\nremoval of oxygen. In addition, the analysis by GC-MS and Sim-Dis gives insight to the fuel quality.
\r\nThe distribution of heteroatom N in lower (<340 C) and higher (>340 C) fractional cuts is studied
\r\nby a fractional distillation unit following ASTM D-1160. Final results show that 63–68% of nitrogen is
\r\nconcentrated in higher fractional cuts.
\r\n","Text Summary":"To obtain drop-in fuel properties from 3rd generation biomass, we herein report the catalytic hydrotreatment of microalgae biocrude, produced from hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Spirulina. Our contribution focuses on the effect of temperature, initial H2 pressure, and residence time on the removal of heteroatoms (O and N) in a batch hydrotreating setup. In contrast to common experimental protocols for hydrotreating at batch scale, we devised a set of two-level factorial experiments and studied the most influential parameters affecting the removal of heteroatoms. It was found that up to 350 C, the degree of deoxygenation (de-O) is mainly driven by temperature, whereas the degree of denitrogenation (de-N) also relies on initial H2 pressure and temperature-pressure interaction. Based on this, complete deoxygenation was obtained at mild operating conditions (350 C), reaching a concurrent 47% denitrogenation. Moreover, three optimized experiments are reported with 100% removal of oxygen. In addition, the analysis by GC-MS and Sim-Dis gives insight to the fuel quality. The distribution of heteroatom N in lower (<340 C) and higher (>340 C) fractional cuts is studied by a fractional distillation unit following ASTM D-1160. Final results show that 63\u201368% of nitrogen is concentrated in higher fractional cuts.","Field Type of publication":"Article","Field Other Type - precise":null,"Field File":"https://cmt.sym.place/serve-file/e0/l1545234315/di/c1/vJMmvzFTk3D0C_ttbLuQslMb5S05NZfjzOAgb74zIIE/:MTY1MDAwLzE2NzAzNC9fX2NtdGZpZWxkXzE1MjkwNzQxNDIyOTAyL0h5RmxleEZ1ZWxfMDNfMjAxOC0xMi0wM19BQVVfQ2F0YWx5dGljIGh5ZHJvdHJlYXRtZW50IG9mIG1pY3JvYWxnYWUgYmlvY3J1ZGUucGRm","Field keywords":["hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL)","Spirulina","hydroprocessing","hydrotreating","upgrading","hydrodeoxygenation","hydrodenitrogenation (HDN)","fractional distillation","drop-in biofuels","nitrogen distribution"],"Field DOI:":"doi:10.3390/en11123360"},{"Id":145814,"Creation Time":1539260646,"Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/knowledge/view/145814/continuous-hydrothermal-liquefaction-of-biomass-in-a-novel-pilot-plant-with-heat-recovery-and-hydraulic-oscillation","Author Id":46760,"Author Name":"Elsa Calmette Cirasuolo","Author Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/profile/ElsaCalmetteCirasuolo","Rating":null,"Votes":0,"Field Title":"Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass in a Novel Pilot Plant with Heat Recovery and Hydraulic Oscillation","Field Author(s)":"Konstantinos Anastasakis, Patrick Biller, Ren\u00e9 B. Madsen, Marianne Glasius, Ib Johannsen","Field Journal or conference":"Energies","Field Publication date":"2018-10-10","Field Summary":"","Text Summary":"","Field Type of publication":"Article","Field Other Type - precise":null,"Field File":"https://cmt.sym.place/serve-file/e0/l1545233837/di/c1/iXwh9ofY_Z4qknwHqx8zCxITs3dpQUH3aeaW2z9qhy0/:MTQ1MDAwLzE0NTgxNC9fX2NtdGZpZWxkXzE1MjkwNzQxNDIyOTAyL0h5RmxleEZ1ZWxfMDFfMjAxOC0xMC0xMF9BVV9Db250aW5vdXMgSHlkcm90aGVybWFsIExpcXVlZmFjdGlvbiBvZiBCaW9tYXNzIGluIGEgTm92ZWwgUGlsb3QgUGxhbnQucGRm","Field keywords":["Hydrothermal liquefaction","Biomass","Heat recovery","Hyfraulic Oscillation"],"Field DOI:":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en11102695"},{"Id":116978,"Creation Time":1529931673,"Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/knowledge/view/116978/assessing-hydrothermal-liquefaction-of-lignocellulosic-biomass-microalgae-and-sewage-sludge-at-pilot-scale","Author Id":9185,"Author Name":"Andreas Schweinberger","Author Link":"https://cmt.sym.place/profile/schweinberger","Rating":null,"Votes":0,"Field Title":"Assessing Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignocellulosic Biomass, Microalgae and Sewage Sludge at Pilot Scale","Field Author(s)":"K. Anastasakis, I. Johannsen, R. B. Madsen, P. Biller","Field Journal or conference":"EUBCE 2018 - 26th European Biomass Conference & Exhibition","Field Publication date":"2018-05-17","Field Summary":"
Overview of contents:
\r\n• Processing of aqueous slurries - No need for drying - Any biomass able to be suspended in water can be processed
• High pressure helps maintain the water in the liquid phase eliminating the energy intensive step of water vaporization
• HTL has been demonstrated for a variety of different feedstocks at small laboratory batch scale